Gene Manipulation:
Definition:
- Genetic manipulation is, in essence, a process done to manipulate the genome of an organism in order to produce desired traits.
How it works:
- Both genetic engineering and selective breeding are considered genetic manipulation. Genetic engineering puts the power of manipulation in the hands of mankind because scientists manipulate the DNA themselves. The ability to manipulate the genome and gene expressions of organisms requires scientists to first develop the tools to manipulate DNA, and then develop methods to introduce DNA that has been modified into the organism's genome.
- A term used to refer to the process by which the DNA of an organism is cut and a gene, perhaps from another organism, is inserted. (see genetic engineering and recombinant DNA.) Gene splicing is often used in industry to allow single-celled organisms to produce useful products, such as human insulin. It is also used in the production of genetically modified organims.
- Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size. In gel electrophoresis, the molecules to be separated are pushed by an electrical field through a gel that contains small pores. The molecules travel through the pores in the gel at a speed that is inversely related to their lengths. This means that a small DNA molecule will travel a greater distance through the gel than will a larger DNA molecule.
- Modern genetic technology can be used to modify the genomes of living organisms. This process is also known as “genetic engineering.” Genes of one species can be modified, or genes can be transplanted from one species to another. Genetic engineering is made possible by recombinant DNA technology. Organisms that have altered genomes are known as transgenic. Most transgenic organisms are generated in the laboratory for research
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